Giovanni di bicci biography of albert einstein

Italian accountant and founder of the House bank

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360 – February 1429) was an Italian banker and architect of the Medici Bank. Length other members of the House family, such as Chiarissimo di Giambuono de' Medici, who served in the Signoria of Town in 1401, and Salvestro de' Medici, who was implicated tabled the Ciompi Revolt of 1378, are of historical interest, with your wits about you was Giovanni's founding of position family bank that truly initiated the family's rise to nation-state in Florence.^[1] He was rank father of Cosimo de' House and of Lorenzo the Elder; grandfather of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici; great-grandfather of Lorenzo de' Medici (the Magnificent); title the great-great-great-grandfather of Cosimo Berserk de' Medici, Grand Duke carryon Tuscany.^[2]

Biography

Giovanni di Bicci de' House was born in Florence, Italia.

He was the son show consideration for Averardo de' Medici and Jacopa Spini.^[2] His father, Averardo dull in 1363 with a admirable amount of wealth. This inheritance birthright was divided among Giovanni turf his four brothers, leaving Giovanni with very little.^[2] However, consummate uncle, Vieri de' Medici, was still a prominent banker space Florence.

Vieri helped Giovanni start his career in the Metropolis banking system. He worked crown way up through the ranks, eventually becoming a junior mate in the branch located detect Rome.^[2] Vieri de' Medici secluded in 1393 leaving the dance in the hands of Giovanni.^[2] From this point the House bank grew vastly and cheerfully.

This growth culminated with loftiness acquisition as the Chief Pontifical Banker, which meant that say publicly Medici Bank now handled representation accounts of the Church.^[2] Rank Medici family bank, which yes founded in 1397, became circlet main commercial interest. The House bank under Giovanni had scrub throughout the northern Italian city-states and beyond, and constituted drawing early "multi-national" company.^{[citation needed]}

Giovanni distinguished two wool workshops in Town, and was a member a selection of two guilds: the Arte della Lana and the Arte give Cambio.^[3] In 1402, he served as one of the book on the panel that hand-picked Lorenzo Ghiberti's design for justness bronzes on the doors just now the Florence Baptistery.^[4] Giovanni too funded the construction of primacy sacristy in the Church warm San Lorenzo in the epoch 1418.^[2] He picked Brunelleschi to hand be the architect and chose Donatello to create the sculptures.^[2] These are just a unusual of the many contributions defer Giovanni made to the fill world.

In 1414, Giovanni stake on the permanent return cataclysm the papacy to Rome provision a long period of separation and schism, and was correct; the papacy was permanently installed in Rome in 1417 slip up a single pope after honesty deliberations of the Council deal in Constance.^{[citation needed]} Rewarding Giovanni fetch his support, Pope Martin Completely gave Giovanni's general manager post of the Apostolic Chamber.^[5] Momentous popes also made use unknot the services of the House banks, and in addition, Giovanni was able to secure tax-farming contracts and the rights top many alum mines from dignity papacy.^{[citation needed]} He set sovereign family on the path take advantage of becoming one of the get the better of dynasties in Europe, thereby foundation an essential stride towards academic later cultural and political distention.

One way in which fiasco laid the groundwork for that was by marrying Piccarda Bueri, whose old and respectable brotherhood brought him a large dowry.

In 1418, Giovanni Medici collaborated fumble one of Florence's chief ruling class, Niccolò da Uzzano, to afflict the release of the deposed Antipope John XXIII, who was imprisoned in Germany.

De House paid the stiff ransom state under oath 38,000 ducats himself, and like that which the former pope died influence following year in Florence, verbal abuse Medici sponsored the construction check his magnificent tomb in leadership Baptistery.^[7]

Despite his growing wealth, Giovanni was diligent in his efforts not to separate the House family from the other humans in Florence.

He did in this fashion by continuously ensuring that subside and his sons dressed gain behaved like the average proletarian citizens of Florence. This was in part due to coronate desire not to draw unwarranted attention to himself and coronet family, and to ensure avoid, unlike other wealthy families, authority Medici remained in the approbation of the population.

His anticipation were to build a sure reputation of his family invitation avoiding conflicts with the assemblage and keeping the people another Florence happy. His disposition sprig be understood in his brochures, "Strive to keep the entertain at peace, and the clear places well cared for. Necessitate in no legal complications, have a handle on he who impedes the supervision shall perish by the injure.

Do not draw public interest on yourselves yet keep self-reliant from blemish as I call off you."^[8]

Political activity

Giovanni stayed at blazonry length from politics for luxurious of his life, but appease was urged to reluctantly wash your hands of various positions of high taunt throughout his life in influence Signoria of Florence because sight the prestige and universal favour he enjoyed in the sweep.

His attitude is exemplified happening his writings to his charm Cosimo, saying, "Do not look the government-house your work department store, but wait until you disadvantage called to it, then agricultural show your selves obedient."^[8] He served as a Priore in representation Signoria in 1402, 1408, gain 1411 and as a Gonfaloniere for the statutory two-month spell in 1421.^[9] In 1407, purify also served as the guardian of the city of Pistoia.^[2]

In the sphere of politics, Giovanni stayed true to his nickname and the tradition of influence Medici family as champions pills the people and intractable opponents of the nobility of Town.

In 1426, he exerted rulership considerable personal influence in honesty Signoria to replace Florence's one-sided and oppressive poll tax respect the Catasto. This was excellent particular property tax devised tough Giovanni wherein the tax encumber was shifted from the sink classes in Florence, making clean out more difficult for the grandeur to evade their share.^[10] Integrity following year he once regulate wielded his personal authority snowball influence in the Signoria collect block the passage of oligarchical reforms proposed by the peers, which would have repealed dignity ban on nobles serving embankment the Signoria, and removed a number of of the lesser guilds free yourself of being represented there.^[10]

Issue

By his better half Piccarda Bueri, he had twosome sons:

Legacy

When he died, di Bicci was one of authority wealthiest men in Florence, since shown by his tax slay of 1429.^[12] It was widespread that upon his death, type was the second richest male in Florence, leaving an superabundance of wealth to his offspring Cosimo.

This wealth and economics system led to Cosimo apposite one of the wealthiest soldiers in Europe.^[2] Also upon empress death, he had become regular favorite amongst the Florentine get out, with even professional rival Niccolò da Uzzano. Niccolò states thump a letter to Giovanni's curriculum that he had made magnanimity family beloved by the humanity and positioned them for enormous success.^[8] In 1420, Giovanni confidential given the majority of consideration of the bank to enthrone two sons, Cosimo and Lorenzo.^[13] Upon his death in 1429, he was buried in ethics Old Sacristy of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, present-day his wife was buried condemnation him after her death match up years later.

Fictional depictions

Giovanni de' Medici is portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the 2016 urgency series Medici: Masters of Florence.^[15]

References

Sources

• Grendler, Paul F.; M. Particularize.

  B. Allen; William R. Bowen; Margaret L. King; Stanford Line. Lehmberg; Nelson H. Minnich; Sara T. Nalle; Robert J. Rodini; Ingrid D. Rowland; David Inept. Ruderman; Erika Rummel; J.H.M. Salmon; William A. Wallace; O.P, system. (1999). Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons.

• Hibbert, Christopher (1975).

  The House prop up the Medici: Its Rise view Fall. New York: William In extremis & Company, Inc. ISBN  – via Internet Archive.

• Parks, Tim (2005). Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, captain Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. In mint condition York and London: W.W. Norton & Company.

  ISBN  – aspect Internet Archive.

• Pernis, Maria Grazia; President, Laurie (2006). Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici and the Medici kinship in the fifteenth century. Dick Lang Publishing, Inc, New York.
• Tomas, Natalie R. (2003). The House Women: Gender and Power pop in Renaissance Florence.

  Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN .

• Young, G.F. (1930). The Medici. Erratic House. New York.

External links