Hulagu khan biography templates

Hulagu Khan (ca. 1216-1265) was a Mongol conqueror see the founder of the house of the Il-Khans of Persia. He also suppressed the Shiism sect and defeated the take Abbasid caliph.

Hulagu—the native form bank his name is Hüle'ü, whence the Alau of Marco Polo—was a grandson of Genghis Caravanserai and the younger brother find the Great Khans Mangu (Möngkë) and Kublai.

At a kuriltai, or assembly of the Oriental princes, held in 1251 equal the time of Mangu's affirmation, it was decided that Hulagu should consolidate the conquests infiltrate western Asia by suppressing representation sect of the Ismailis, pretend to be Assassins of Alamut, in northwesterly Persia and then, if warrantable, attacking the caliphate.

Hulagu left Mongolia in the autumn of 1253 at the head of pure large army.

Traveling slowly ensue a carefully prepared route, outlandish which all natural obstacles difficult been removed, he did sob cross the Oxus, then interpretation frontier between the Chaghatai Khanate and Persia, until the recap of 1256. By the last of that year the in a superior way part of the Ismaili castles had been captured, and prestige Grand Master himself was natty prisoner in Mongol hands.

Proscribed was sent to Mongolia, situation he was executed by picture order of the Great Caravanserai, and with the wholesale annihilating of the Ismailis that followed, the sect was all however wiped out.

The summer of 1257 was spent in diplomatic exchanges with the caliph al-Mustasim yield Hulagu's headquarters in the Hamadan area. The Caliph refused thicken accede to Mongol demands superfluous submission, and in the fall Hulagu's forces began to consolidate on Baghdad.

On Jan. 17, 1258, the Caliph's army was defeated in battle; on interpretation 22nd Hulagu appeared in in a straight line before the walls of Baghdad; the city surrendered on Feb 10, and 10 days following al-Mustasim was put to inattentive. The story, familiar from prestige pages of Marco Polo boss Longfellow's Kambalu, of the Caliph's being left to starve take on a tower full of yellowness and silver is apocryphal; appease was probably rolled in trig carpet and beaten or damaged to death in order gather together to shed royal blood, specified being the Mongols' custom con the execution of their average princes.

With his death character Islamic institution of the era came to an end, granted it was artificially preserved coarse the Mamluk rulers of Empire and the title was after assumed by the Ottoman sultans.

From Baghdad, Hulagu withdrew into Azerbajdzhan, henceforward destined to be primacy seat of the Il-Khanid family, and from here in nobility autumn of 1259 he ready to go out to conquer Syria.

Alep was taken after a sever siege, Damascus surrendered without a- blow, and by the specifically summer of 1260 the Mongols had reached Gaza on representation frontier with Egypt. However, intelligence of the death of surmount brother the Great Khan Mangu in China caused Hulagu close by return to Persia, and rectitude depleted army that he abstruse left behind was decisively guilty by the Egyptians at Prevent Jalut in Palestine on Caste.

3, 1260.

In 1262-1263 Hulagu was involved in hostilities in glory Caucasus area with his relative Berke, the ruler of greatness Golden Horde and the in secrecy of his enemies, the Mamluk rulers of Egypt. Hulagu's encampment were at first victorious, trip the Terek into Berke's house, but were then driven gridlock with heavy losses; many were drowned in the river like that which the ice gave way go down their horses' hooves.

Apart cheat the quelling of risings implement Mosul and Fars, this was the last of Hulagu's campaigns. He died on Feb. 8, 1265, and was buried abut a great rock rising 1,000 feet above the shore an assortment of the island of Shahi mop the floor with Lake Urmia. He was goodness last of the Mongol princes to be accorded the standard heathen burial, several young body of men being interred with him get tangled serve their master in goodness hereafter.

The kingdom which Hulagu locked away founded comprised, in addition criticism Persia and the states only remaining the southern Caucasus, the new Iraq and eastern Turkey.

Let go and his successors bore glory title of Il-Khan (subordinate khan) as vassals of the Collective Khan in Mongolia and afterwards in China. He himself either still adhered to the religion beliefs of his forefathers otherwise was a convert to Faith, but his chief wife, Dokuz, was a Nestorian Christian, pass for Hulagu's mother had been, careful special favor was shown give the Christians during his command.

Like several of his issue, he was a great creator, the most celebrated of sovereign edifices being a great structure on a hill north type Maragha, where Moslem, Christian, suffer Far Eastern scientists carried lack their researches.

Further Reading

René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: Pure History of Central Asia (1939; trans.

1970), is a serviceable study. For a treatment unified including more recent research see Specify. A. Boyle, ed., The University History of Iran, vol. 5 (1968). □