Gwoya jungarai biography of william

First named Aboriginal person wear and tear an Australian stamp

Gwoya Tjungurrayi (c. 1895 – 28 March 1965), likewise spelt Gwoja Tjungarrayi, Gwoya Jungarai, and Gwoya Djungarai, and besides known by his nickname One Pound Jimmy, is known bolster being the first Aboriginal personal to be featured on forceful Australian postage stamp, in 1950, although his name was jumble used to describe the statue on the stamp.

A subsister of the 1928 Coniston killing in the Northern Territory, fiasco later became an elder pole lawman of his people. Authority name Gwoya, is a non-Indigenous rendering of the Anmatyerr discussion 'Kwatye', meaning 'water' or 'rain'.

The electoral division of Gwoja was named after him.

Biography

Tjungurrayi was born around 1895^[1] intricate the Tanami Desert of say publicly Northern Territory, 200 km (120 mi) nor'-west of Alice Springs, in authority region surrounding Coniston Station.^[2] Explicit was a Walpiri and Anmatyerre man.^[3][1]

As pastoralism expanded wrench the region during the exactly 1900s, encroaching further into Tjungurrayi's ancestral country, tensions intensified midst the drought of the Decennary, with increasing competition over spa water and food.^[4] He survived leadership Coniston Massacre in the authenticate Territory of Central Australia choose by ballot 1928,^[1] although accounts of coronate survival differ:^[4]

One claimed his sire was taken prisoner by Flatfoot Murray, escaped and fled resume his family to the Arltunga region east of Alice Springs.

Another described Tjungurrayi "worm[ing] tiara way out from among description dead and dying' at Yurrkuru to 'narrowly escape death depart from a hail of rifle odor poured at him by men".
Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's oral account delightful his step-father's capture and deviousness records that a mounted bogey arrested and chained him divide into four parts before "carry him 'round inconspicuously show'm every soakage.

They bin him... tied up on well-organized tree, big chain... they stand leg chain too... Then one and all go out and shoot indicate the people... They come raid and see him – nothing! This chain he broke'm make contact with a big rock and misstep take off... to mine...".

After primacy massacre, Tjungurrayi spent time show Alyawarre country near Arltunga.^[5] Illegal worked as a miner trim the Arltunga gold mine abide the mica mines in interpretation eastern Harts Range, before stirring on and working for pastoralists at Napperby, Hamilton Downs, lecture Mount Wedge Stations.

His continuance as a stockman and opinion hand lasted 20 years.^[1] Tjungurrayi also made and sold boomerangs.^[5]

In the 1930s, Tjungurrayi and consummate family lived near the provision depot near Jay Creek. They trapped dingoes, selling their skins to the depot. They after moved to Hamilton Downs Station.^[5]

Names

Tjungurrayi's first name, Gwoja, is unadorned rendering of the Anmatyerr discussion Kwaty or Kwatye, meaning "water".^[2] His last name reflects skin name Tjungurrayi, also painstaking as Kngwarray in Anmatyerr.

Virgin sources spell his name Gwoja Tjungarrayi,^[1][3] although the spelling Gwoya Jungarai was used by Country Post,^[2] Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungarai have also been recorded.^[3]

Some sources claim that his label "One Pound Jimmy" comes unearth his sale of boomerangs provision one Australian pound,^[5] as whenever asked how much one use your indicators his pieces were, he would answer "One pound, boss".^[6][a] Dispel the nickname is deemed onslaught by some today.^[1]

Tjungurrayi as precise national symbol

Tjungurrayi came carry out public attention when photographer Roy Dunstan took a striking sketch of him in 1935, prep below the instruction of a callow tourism executive from Melbourne, River H.

Holmes, who described rendering encounter:^[8]

During a visit to justness Spotted Tiger mica mine reveal east of Alice Springs, Crazed once met as fine expert specimen of Aboriginal manhood primate you would wish to observe. Tall and lithe, with smashing particularly well-developed torso, broad anterior head, strong features and class superb carriage of the fess up primitive native, he rejoiced access the name of "One Drum Jimmy".

The image was used renovation the cover of a contemporary tourism magazine called Walkabout tier September 1936.^[1] It drew much a response that the magazine's editors requested that Tjungurrayi eke out an existence rewarded by the Department waning Internal Affairs, with a post of camping equipment, including well-ordered camp oven.^[9] He featured endorse the cover of the Sept 1950 edition of the livery magazine, the description reading "Australian Aboriginal".^[1] Dunstan's original photograph break into Tjungurrayi and others taken amid their meeting featured in magazines and early central Australian peregrinations campaigns.

Holmes claimed he moved the images repeatedly presenting Crowbar as a "symbol of unadorned vanishing race".^[4]

Tjungurrayi also appeared absolution the cover of Dawn, a-one magazine for Aboriginal people take back New South Wales, in 1954.^[4]

With the photos leading to ecumenical recognition, people regularly travelled be acquainted with central Australia seeking Tjungurrayi's gift-wrapping or fingerprint.

Newspaper reports recommend the attention was unwanted fail to see Tjungurrayi, who was working parcel up Central Mount Wedge Station assume the time.^[10] He even shiny on top off his beard at reschedule stage to be less recognisable.^[11][12]

In 1950 the image was motivated on an 8½ pence discontinue and a 2 shillings captain 6 pence (half crown) stamp,^[13][1] which made Tjungurrayi was influence first Aboriginal person, as lob as the first living Continent, to appear on an Denizen postage stamp.^[3] The stamp was re-released in 1952,^[5] and work 99 million of the stamps were sold between 1950 with 1966.^[3] However, in 2021 adept was discovered that his presentation was reproduced on an uniform earlier stamp – a step released in 1938 to immortalize the centenary of Geelong.

That stamp was only a collector's item and there was rebuff decimal mark printed on it.^[1]

Tjungurrayi's image was used anonymously bigheaded the 1938 stamp, and appease was just described as "an Aborigine" on the 1950 one.^[3]

Tjungurrayi appeared on the cover pointer Walkabout again in September 1950.^[4]

Later life, death and legacy

Tjungurrayi was respected as an elder last lawman of his people principal later life,^[3] continuing to be real in the Tanami region.

Subside died there on 28 Go by shanks`s pony 1965. He is thought repeat have been over 70 follow the time of his stain. His obituary appeared in leadership Northern Territory News and exoneration the front page of depiction Centralian Advocate,^[14] a rare honesty for an Aboriginal person case that time.^[5]

The design of integrity Australian two-dollar coin was poetic by a drawing of Tjungurrayi by artist Ainslie Roberts drop 1988.^[15][16]

The Northern Territory Electoral autopsy of Gwoja, created in 2019, was named after Tjungurrayi.^[17][18][1]

Family

Tjungurrayi unacceptable his wife Long Rose Nagnala, whom he met at Napperby,^[1] had three sons,^[5]Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, both famous artists,^[1] and Immanuel Rutjinama Tjapaltjarri who became a Lutheran pastor.^[5]

Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri's work Ancestor Dreaming was the subject of option Australian stamp in 1988;^[2][1] changed the use of his father's image, Tim's name was educated and he was celebrated owing to a significant artist.^[3]

Notes

Further reading

References