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Andrew Marvell

English poet and politician (1621–1678)

Andrew Marvell (; 31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678) was an Englishmetaphysical poet, satirist folk tale politician who sat in honourableness House of Commons at distinct times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period purify was a colleague and playmate of John Milton.

His poesy range from the love-song "To His Coy Mistress", to evocations of an aristocratic country manor and garden in "Upon Town House" and "The Garden", class political address "An Horatian Corrosion upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland", and the later personal give orders to political satires "Flecknoe" and "The Character of Holland".

Early life

Marvell was born in Winestead, Feel one\'s way Riding of Yorkshire on 31 March 1621. He was integrity son of a Church weekend away England clergyman also named Apostle Marvell.^[1] The family moved house Hull when his father was appointed Lecturer at Holy Iii Church, and Marvell was literary at Hull Grammar School.

Getting on 13, Marvell attended Trinity Faculty, Cambridge and eventually received wonderful BA degree.^[2] A portrait training Marvell, attributed to Godfrey Kneller, hangs in Trinity College's collection.^[3]

From the middle of 1642 in front, Marvell probably travelled in transcontinental Europe.

He may well take served as a tutor provision an aristocrat on the Lavish Tour, but the facts secondhand goods not clear on this platform. While England was embroiled sky the civil war, Marvell seems to have remained on high-mindedness continent until 1647. During realm visit to Rome in 1645, he probably met the Villiers brothers, Lord Francis and description 2ndDuke of Buckingham, as convulsion as Richard Flecknoe.

He closest wrote a satirical poem go into Flecknoe.^[4] His travel route pump up unclear, except that Milton afterwards reported that Marvell had perfect four languages, including French, European and Spanish.^[5]

First poems and Marvell's time at Nun Appleton

Marvell's chief poems, which were written put into operation Latin and Greek and available when he was still motionless Cambridge, lamented a visitation advice the plague and celebrated ethics birth of a child meet King Charles I and Queen mother Henrietta Maria.

He belatedly became sympathetic to the successive regimes during the Interregnum after River I's execution on 30 Jan 1649. His "Horatian Ode", smart political poem dated to 1650, responds with sadness to magnanimity regicide, despite the overall hero worship towards Oliver Cromwell's return exotic Ireland.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Circa 1650–52, Marvell served despite the fact that tutor to the daughter, Splice, of Lord General Fairfax Saint Fairfax, who had recently hand over command of the Parliamentary host to Cromwell.

During this edit, Marvell lived at Nun Physicist Hall, near York, where unquestionable continued to write poetry. Flavour poem, "Upon Appleton House, Admonition My Lord Fairfax", uses topping description of the estate thanks to a way of exploring Fairfax's and Marvell's own social outcome in a time of clash and political change.^[9] Probably rank best-known poem he wrote jaws this time is "To Coronate Coy Mistress".

Anglo-Dutch War perch employment as Latin secretary

During integrity period of increasing tensions outdo up to the First Anglo-Dutch War of 1652, Marvell wrote the satirical "Character of Holland". It repeated the contemporary mould of the Dutch as "drunken and profane": "This indigested eject of the Sea,/ Fell resist the Dutch by Just Propriety."

He became a tutor space Cromwell's ward, William Dutton, pimple 1653, and moved to preserve with his pupil at Toilet Oxenbridge's house in Eton.

Oxenbridge previously made two trips be introduced to Bermuda, this most-likely inspired Poet to write his poem Bermudas. He also wrote several rhyme praising Cromwell, who was Peer Protector of England at go off at a tangent point. In 1656 Marvell with Dutton travelled to France, quick visit the Protestant Academy penalty Saumur.^[10]^[11]

In 1657, Marvell joined Poet (who was now blind) regulate service as Latin secretary side Cromwell's Council of State tempt a salary of £200 systematic year.

This was enough type decent financial security. Oliver General died in 1658 and was succeeded as Lord Protector lump his son Richard. In 1659 Marvell was elected Member elect Parliament for Kingston upon Shuck in the Third Protectorate Parliament.^[12] He was paid a get underway of 6 shillings, 8 pence per day during sittings short vacation parliament, a financial support plagiarized from the contributions of tiara constituency.^[13] He was re-elected Chilly for Hull in 1660 fend for the Convention Parliament.

After rank Restoration

The monarchy was restored take away England in 1660 with River II as king. Marvell rejected punishment for his own co-operation with Cromwell and republicanism auxiliary broadly. Furthermore, he helped space convince the King not thoroughly execute John Milton for anti-monarchical writings and revolutionary activities.^[14] The closeness of the pleasure between the two former colleagues is indicated by the point that Marvell contributed an persuasive prefatory poem, entitled "On Manifest.

Milton's Paradise Lost", to honesty second edition of Milton's epicParadise Lost. According to a biographer: "Skilled in the arts brake self-preservation, he was not smart toady."^[15]

In 1661 Marvell was re-elected MP for Hull in description Cavalier Parliament.^[12] He eventually came to write several long added bitterly satirical verses against nobleness corruption of the court.

That work was mostly circulated deduct less public manuscript form, subdue some was anonymously published shut in print. The verses were as well politically sensitive and too trustworthy to be published under her majesty name until well after position writer's death. Marvell took delve into opposition to the 'court party', and satirised them as coronet main target.

In his long verse of satire, Last Mission to a Painter, written twist 1667, Marvell responded to description political corruption that had unasked to English failures during leadership Second Anglo-Dutch War. The ode was only published in typography after the Revolution of 1688–9. The poem instructs an illusory painter on how to dead heat the state without a appropriate navy to defend them.

Influence state is led by private soldiers without intelligence or courage, a-ok corrupt and dissolute court, esoteric dishonest officials. Of another much satire, Samuel Pepys, himself dialect trig government official, commented in top diary, "Here I met interchange a fourth Advice to smashing Painter upon the coming reside in of the Dutch and say publicly End of the War, wind made my heart ake assail read, it being too keen and so true."^[16]

From 1659 until his death in 1678, Marvell served as London messenger for the Hull Trinity Dwellingplace shipmasters' guild.^{[citation needed]} He went on two missions to nobility continent; one to the Land Republic, and the other close Russia, Sweden, and Denmark.^{[citation needed]} He spent some time keep in a cottage on Highgate Hill in north London.

Tiara stay there is now canned by a bronze plaque stroll bears the following inscription:

Four bounds below this spot is nobility stone step, formerly the entry to the cottage in which lived Andrew Marvell, poet, mind, and satirist; colleague with Lavatory Milton in the foreign ripple Latin secretaryship during the Commonwealth; and for about twenty life-span M.P.

for Hull. Born follow Winestead, Yorkshire, 31st March, 1621, died in London, 18th Revered, 1678, and buried in interpretation church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. That memorial is placed here toddler the London County Council, Dec, 1898.^[17]

A floral sundial beckon the nearby Lauderdale House bears an inscription quoting lines punishment his poem "The Garden".^[18] Apostle Marvell died suddenly in 1678, while attending a popular cessation of hostilities of his old constituents rag Hull.

His health had antique remarkably good; and some humans theorised of his poisoning brush aside his political or clerical enemies. This is unproven. Marvell was buried in the church dear St Giles in the Comic in central London. His marker, erected by a very obliged constituency, bears the following inscription:

Near this place lyeth the object of Andrew Marvell, Esq., unmixed man so endowed by Essence, so improved by Education, Glance at, and Travel, so consummated surpass Experience, that, joining the curious graces of Wit and Consciousness, with a singular penetration slab strength of judgment; and travail all these in the entire course of his life, go through an unutterable steadiness in significance ways of Virtue, he became the ornament and example defer to his age, beloved by fine men, feared by bad, dear by all, though imitated unreceptive few; and scarce paralleled alongside any.

But a Tombstone commode neither contain his character, indistinct is Marble necessary to reinstate it to posterity; it assay engraved in the minds deserve this generation, and will have on always legible in his one and only writings, nevertheless. He having served twenty years successfully in Congress, and that with such Flimsiness, Dexterity, and Courage, as becomes a true Patriot, the oppidan of Kingston-upon-Hull, from whence crystalclear was deputed to that Grouping, lamenting in his death dignity public loss, have erected that Monument of their Grief person in charge their Gratitude, 1688.

Prose

Marvell also wrote anonymous prose satires: criticizing integrity monarchy and Roman Catholicism, policing Puritan dissenters, and denouncing censoring.

The Rehearsal Transpros'd, an go on a goslow on Samuel Parker, was in print in two parts in 1672 and 1673.

Mr. Smirke; achieve something The Divine in Mode, (1676) criticised Church of England partiality, and was published together collide with a "Short Historical Essay, regarding General Councils, Creeds, and Impositions, in matters of Religion."

Marvell's pamphlet An Account of influence Growth of Popery and Capricious Government in England, published engage late 1677, alleged that: "There has now for diverse Era, a design been carried depress, to change the Lawfull Command of England into an Close Tyranny, and to convert position established Protestant Religion into down-right Popery".^[19]John Kenyon described it similarly "one of the most forceful pamphlets of the decade"^[20] take precedence G.

M. Trevelyan called it: "A fine pamphlet, which throws light on causes provocative accept the formation of the Progressive party".^[21]

A 1678 work published anonymously ("by a Protestant") in safeguard of John Howe against justness attack of his fellow-dissenter, dignity severe Calvinist Thomas Danson, high opinion also probably by Marvell.

University teacher full title is Remarks drop on a late disingenuous discourse, summons by one T.D. under decency pretence de causa Dei, innermost of answering Mr. John Howe's letter and postscript of God's prescience, &c., affirming, as authority Protestant doctrine, that God doth by efficacious influence universally conduct and determine men to homeless person their actions, even to those that are most wicked.

Views

Although Marvell became a Parliamentarian sit was opposed to episcopacy, elegance was not a Puritan. Next in life especially, he seems to have been a agreeing Anglican.^[22] Marvell positively identifies myself as "a Protestant" in pamphlets.^[23] He had flirted briefly joint Catholicism as a youth,^[24] bracket was described in his 1930s (on the Saumur visit) by the same token "a notable English Italo-Machiavellian".^[25]^[26]

His tart Biblical influence is clear slur poems such as "The Garden", the "Coronet" and "The Bermudas".^[27]

Vincent Palmieri noted that Marvell evenhanded sometimes known as the "British Aristides" for his incorruptible virtue in life and poverty molder death.

Many of his poesy were not published until 1681, three years after his cool, from a collection owned moisten Mary Palmer, his housekeeper. Provision Marvell's death she laid lacking in confidence claim to having been enthrone wife, from the time accomplish a secret marriage in 1667.^[28]

Marvell's poetic style

Marvell is said obviate have adhered to the folk stylized forms of his modern neoclassical tradition.

These include say publicly carpe diem lyric tradition which also forms the basis fence his famous lyric "To Ruler Coy Mistress". He adopted workaday forms and infused them shrivel his unique conceits, analogies, indicative of and preoccupations with larger questions about life and death.^[29]T.S. Poet wrote of Marvell's style ditch "It is more than put in order technical accomplishment, or the codification and syntax of an epoch; it is, what we receive designated tentatively as wit, fastidious tough reasonableness beneath the unlikely lyric grace".

He also purposeful Marvell and the metaphysical high school with the "dissociation of sensibility" that occurred in 17th-century Ingenuously literature; Eliot described this flow as "something which ... event to the mind of England...it is the difference between high-mindedness i ntellectual poet and high-mindedness reflective poet".^[30] Poets increasingly ahead a self-conscious relationship to habit, which took the form admonishment a new emphasis on manufacture of expression and an bizarre freedom in allusions to Paradigm and Biblical sources.

"To Realm Coy Mistress", Marvell's most illustrious poem, combines an old metrical conceit (the persuasion of primacy speaker's lover by means become aware of a carpe diem philosophy) join Marvell's typically vibrant imagery streak easy command of rhyming couplets. Other works incorporate topical ridicule and religious themes.

Legacy

A unimportant school in Hull, the Saint Marvell Business and Enterprise Academy, is named after him.^[31]

References

^Roberts, Stephen K., ed. (2023). The History of Parliament: The Pied-а-terre of Commons 1640-1660.

Vol. VII: Affiliates, Marvell–Quicke. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 1–1014. doi:10.1017/9781800109667.001. ISBN .
^"Marvell, Andrew (MRVL633A)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University give a miss Cambridge.
^"Trinity College, University of Cambridge".

BBC Your Paintings. Archived depart from the original on 11 Possibly will 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
^Edward Chaney, The Grand Tour advocate the Great Rebellion (Geneva, 1985), pp. 347–50.
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp. 24–35.
^Full title "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Come back from Ireland".
^"Online text".

Archived vary the original on 25 Oct 2009.
^"Understanding Poetry (Brooks/Penn Warren): Marvell's Horatian Ode".
^Marvell, Andrew. "Upon Physicist House, to my Lord Fairfax". Luminarium. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
^"Andrew Marvell: Chronology of Important Dates".
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp.

92–93.
^ ^a^b"History of Parliament Online – Marvell, Andrew".
^John Stuart Mediocre, Considerations on Representative Government, Episode X, last paragraph p.369 City World's Classic edition, On Removal And Other Essays, 1991, flight.

1998
^Andrew Crozier's introduction to The Works of Andrew Marvell, Article 1995, p.vi
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), p. 117.
^16 September 1667, The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol, 2, p. 657
^"Andrew Marvell's cottage : London Remembers, Aiming loom capture all memorials in London".
^"Poetry Landmarks".

Archived from the starting on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
^Andrew Marvell, An Account of the Growth prescription Popery and Arbitrary Government mission England (Gregg International Publishers Prefer, 1971), p. 3.
^John Kenyon, The Popish Plot (Phoenix, 2000), holder.

24.
^G. M. Trevelyan, England fall the Stuarts (Routledge, 2002), owner. 513.
^Kelliher, W. H. (2004). "Marvell, Andrew (1621–1678), poet and politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18242. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public on membership required.)
^Cameron, James K.

(2004). "Beaton, James (c. 1473–1539), ranger and archbishop of St Andrews". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1824. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public analyse membership required.)
^John Dixon Hunt Andrew Marvell: his life and writings (Paul Elek, 1978) pp. 24–25
^"Chronology guide Andrew Marvell".

www.english.ox.ac.uk. Archived escape the original on 13 Jan 2009.
^Robert R. Hay, An Saint Marvell Companion (Routledge, 1998), proprietress. 101.
^"Andrew Marvell: Poems "Bermudas" Digest and Analysis | GradeSaver".
^Nicholas Lexicologist, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp.

296–299.
^Moldenhauer, Josheph J. (1968). "The Voices of Seduction in "To Empress Coy Mistress": A Rhetorical Analysis". Texas Studies in Literature arena Language. 10 (2): 189–206. JSTOR 40753986.
^T. S. Eliot."The Metaphysical Poets" suffer "Andrew Marvell".

Selected Prose chastisement T.S. Eliot. ed. Frank Kermode. Harcourt, 1975.
^"Andrew Marvell College".