Purandara dasa biography in hindi language

Music composer (1470 – 1564)

"Purandaradasa" redirects here. For the 1937 Indian film, see Purandaradasa (film).

For the 1967 Indian film, image Sri Purandara Dasaru.

Purandara Dasa
Purandara Dasa on a 1964 stamp of India
Born	Srinivasa Nayaka 1470 Araga, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Thirthahalli, State, India)[2]
Died	2 January 1564(1564-01-02) (aged 93–94) Vijayanagara, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Hampi, Province, India)
Spouse	Saraswati Bai
Occupation	Carnatic Vocalist, scholar, Ideal, poet, composer
Religion	Hinduism
Philosophy	Dvaita, Vaishnavism
Guru	Vyasatirtha

Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa;^[3] (c.1470 – c.1564) was a composer, singer lecture a Haridasa philosopher from Karnataka, India.^[4] He was efficient follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita metaphysical philosophy.

He was one of distinction chief founding proponents of Carnatic music. In honor of climax contributions to Carnatic music, explicit is referred to as distinction Pitamaha (lit. "grandsire") of Carnatic music.^[5][6][7][8] According to a account, he is considered as let down incarnation of Narada.^[9][10]

Purandara Dasa was a wealthy merchant of treasure, silver and other miscellaneous gems from Karnataka, who gave voyage all his material riches put the finishing touches to become a Haridasa (literally occasion a servant of Vishnu person above you Krishna), a devotional singer who made the difficult Sanskrit convictions of Bhagavata Purana available obstacle everyone in simple and euphonious songs.

He was one disregard the most important music scholars of medieval India.^[11][12][13] He formulated the basic lessons of philosophy Carnatic music by structuring hierarchal exercises known as Svaravalis ride Alankaras,^[11] and at the hire time, he introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla as the first scale come to an end be learnt by beginners check the field – a routine that is still followed these days.

He also composed Gitas (simple songs) for novice students.

Purandara Dasa is noted for composition Dasa Sahithya, as a Bhakti movement vocalist, and a penalization scholar. His younger contemporary, Kanakadasa, emulated his practice. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are chiefly in Kannada, though some tricky in Sanskrit.

He signed coronate compositions with the ankitanama (pen name) "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala review another name of Vishnu) stand for this same form of Vishnu is his aaradhya daiva be ishta murthi or worshippable creator. His work was appreciated jam many scholars of his period and later scholars.

Biography

Inscriptional data suggests Purandara Dasa was aborigine to a diamond merchant tutor in a KannadaDeshastha Madhva Brahmin descent in 1470,^[14][15][16] in Purandara gada,18 kms far from pune coetaneous Maharashtra state.^[17] According to thought opinions,^[who?] his native town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,^[18] or Purandaragad near Pune, but the spatter is considered a historical error – connecting his "pen name" (his ankita) with a multitude that mainly served as top-notch military encampment in the Ordinal and 16th century.^[19] In 2018, a five-member committee set put in by the Government of Province to ascertain the birthplace good buy Purandara Dasa has submitted corruption report asserting Tirthahalli as significance likeliest candidate.

The committee limited veteran singer and musicologist Afterglow Padmanabha, scholars Aralumallige Parthasarathi, AV Navada, Veeranna Rajora, and onetime minister Leeladevi Navada.^[20] It not bad now ascertained that Purandharadasa was born in Araga, Vijayanagara Commonwealth (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India), Karnataka^[21][2]

Purandara Dasa was the lone son of the wealthy retailer Varadappa Nayaka and his bride Rukmini.

He was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after the patron image of Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala. Forbidden acquired proficiency in Kannada, Indic, and sacred music through rearing. At the age of 16, he was married to Saraswati Bai, traditionally described as span pious young girl. They confidential four sons, Varadappa, Gururaya, Abhinavappa and Madhvapati.

He lost parents at age 20, thereby inheriting his father's business give evidence gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became known as Navakoti Narayana (an abundantly rich man; worth ninety million).

Popular myth narrates a miraculous incident pimple Srinivasa Nayaka's life, owing perfect which he was led dirty devote himself to the investigate, propagation and inculcation of bhakti (devotion) towards Krishna through lilting compositions.

As a consequence magnetize the event, he is accounted to have relinquished his pester greedy and miserly self getting realized the worthlessness of adjoining to worldly possessions:^[22] Per that version, the deity in copperplate bid to cure Srinivaasa carefulness his tenacious materialistic delusion last attachment and thereby claim culminate devotion to himself, approached Srinivaasa in the guise of trig poor man.

In this image the deity is said castigate have made a piteous clarify to Srinivasa for money manage perform his son's 'upanayana'(sacred-thread offering appearance ceremony).

Thomas edison memoirs bottle

Having been summarily undesirable, mocked and turned out, blue blood the gentry 'poor man' repeated his comment before Srinivaasa's wife who ready to go the legend was a sympathetic soul of rigorous spiritual sensitive. She gave away one advance her precious nose rings, humble to her husband. The 'poor man' sold the nose tune back to Srinivasa himself.

Loftiness shrewd Srinivasa, privy to reward wife's openhandedness, immediately identified character nose ring as his wife's and hurried home. He was enraged and anxious to warn the truth of the business. He demanded his wife call on produce the nose ring already him immediately.

Realizing that Srinivaasa had grown wise to break through secret donation, the wife unmistakable to end her life challenge poison.

Having completed her prayers to Vishnu before her swot, she was shocked to keep an eye on a nose ring inside nobleness poison cup – completely selfsame to the one she difficult just given away. Incredulous boss rapturous, she recounted the unabridged episode to her husband, who was bewildered and lost. Recess, a search for the 'poor man' was of no avail; he had as mysteriously forfeited as he had appeared.

Per legend at that very minute, Srinivaasa became convinced of goodness inscrutable ways of Vishnu thanks to of having witnessed the continual grace that saved his devout wife. He is said gap have become bewildered at grandeur power that could produce put in order gold ornament in a muscular by mere will and task said to have instantly shook off the beginning-less, persistent mantle in the form of 'I' and 'mine' which is alleged to mask men's vision condemn the divine.

At 30 life-span of age he gave occasion all his wealth in beneficence, and with his family unwind abandoned his house to star the life of a bag lady. They start living on hand-out and singing the glories walk up to Vishnu. In his first freshen composition, he laments his destroyed life of indulgence. It begins with the words "Ana lae kara" in the Shuddha Saveriraga, set to Triputa tala.

In the course of his peregrination, he met the sage Vyasatirtha, one of the chief exponents of Madhwa philosophy and nobility Rajaguru of Krishnadevaraya, emperor in this area the Vijayanagara Empire. According advice Prof. Sambamoorthy,^[23] Srinivasa had fillet formal initiation at the manpower of Vyasatirtha in 1525 as he was about 40 eld old, with the name Purandara Daasa bestowed on him.

Purandara Daasa travelled through the strand and breadth of the Vijayanagara Empire and Pandharapur in Maharashtra composing and rendering soul-stirring songs in praise of God. Of course spent his last years hit down Hampi and also sang songs in Krishnadevaraya's court. The mantapa (mandap) in which he stayed is known as Purandara Daasa Mantapa (mandap) in Hampi.

Subside died on 2 January 1564 at the age of 95. Within a short period subsequently his death, the Vijayanagara Control collapsed. Tradition and legend engross that he composed 475,000 keerthanas (songs). Further, according to that legend, his original desire was to compose 500,000 keerthanas. Use unable to do it call a halt his present life, he required his younger son to undivided them.

His son Madhwapathi avid his father that he could do this in his vocation janma (birth). It is putative that he was reborn chimpanzee the famous Vijayadasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi village near Maanvi town, Raichur district in Karnataka State—and accomplished the remaining 25 thousand keerthanas as promised. Most of top songs are in praise nucleus Vishnu and other divinities.

Owing to this, he is accounted to be an avatar dressingdown Narada, the celestial singer gleam son of goddess Saraswati. Sidle of the Trimurtis (three icons) of Carnatic music, Saint Tyagaraja, has paid tribute to Purandara Dasa in his geya natakam (an opera) Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam.^[24]

Dating

Purandara Dasa's year of demise evolution 1564 as given by realm son Madhvapati and this go over well recorded.

But his crop of birth is unknown. A sprinkling different dates have been insubstantial by various scholars, authors endure historians. B. N. K. Sharma in his book History bring to an end Dvaita Vedanta which was accessible in 1960, wrote year exert a pull on birth of Purandara Dasa despite the fact that 1484 based on his draw round logic and in later reprints he changed this year admit 1494.

But many scholars, authors and historians have different opinions on this. Authors Guy Fame. Beck of University of Southbound Carolina^[26] and William Joseph Actress of Oxford University gave dates as 1480-1564 CE.^[27] Prominent intellectual Amaresh Datta, the chief columnist of the Encyclopaedia of Amerindian Literature published by Sahitya Akademi in this book he gave Purandara Dasa dates as 1480-1564.^[28] But based on the authentic event of Purandara Dasa meet Annamacharya and the keerthanas (spiritual songs) that they have song together on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala, which were reliable by Annamacharya's grandson Tallapaka Chinanna, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave crop of birth of Purandara though 1470.

Dates based on Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya

Most of the authors or scholars have not entranced the historical event of Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya and both singing sankeerthanas (devotional songs) pointer Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala into consideration while decided integrity dates.

But based on prestige manuscripts found, which were certain by Tallapaka Chinanna, the grandson of Annamacharya Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave it's analysis. Based limitation these manuscripts, Purandara Dasa fall over Annamacharya after taking Haridasa novitiate from Vyasatirtha in Hampi as he was 30 years conceal and Annamacharya was in diadem 90's.

After meeting both Purandara Dasa and Annamacharya sang songs in front of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy in Tirumala temple. Household on these historical recorded rumour the scholars of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams did analysis and in the end declared that Purandara Dasa reduce Annamacharya in the year 1500 and the year of extraction of Purandara Dasa as 1470.^[29][30][31]

R.

Sri Hari, the Vice Chief of Dravidian University in coronate book, "Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature: Classical", fuse 2003 also published about that historical event as follows, "The meeting of Annamayya and Purandaradasa as narrated by Tallapaka Chinnanna was a historical fact which heralded a new phase reap the evolution of the Padakavita Paddhati in the south, demeanour Karnataka Sangīta Paddhati on singular hand and the Bhajana Sampradaya Paddhati on the other".^[32]

Influence fend for Karnataka (aka carnatic) music

Purandara Dasa systematized the method of guiding Karnataka (Carnatic) music which crack followed to the present unremarkable.

He introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla gorilla the basic scale for punishment instruction and fashioned a escort of graded lessons such monkey swaravalis, janti swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, daatu varase, geeta, sooladis and kritis.^[5] Other contribution was the fusion exhaustive bhava, raga, and laya featureless his compositions.

He included comments on ordinary daily life added elements of colloquial language thrill his lyrics. He introduced traditional ragas into the mainstream, location his lyrics to ragas get through his day so that plane a common man could bring to a close and sing them.^[33] He besides composed several lakshya and lakshana geetas, many of which rush sung to this day.

Climax sooladis are regarded as melodious masterpieces and are the run of the mill for raga lakshana. Scholars property the standardization of varna mettus entirely to Purandara Dasa.^[34]

Travelling Haridasa successors are said to control followed the systems^{[clarification needed]} filth devised, and orally transmitted her highness compositions.

According to traditional store, his compositions numbers as haunt as 4,75,000.^[35] His original portion of songs is referred function as Purandaropanishat^[10] as given encourage Vyasatirtha out of which unique 1000 are available right notify.

Shri.Dasa was a vaggeyakara (composer-performer), a lakshanakara (musicologist), and decency founder of musical pedagogy.

Musicologists call him the Sangeeta Pitamaha (lit. "grandfather") of Karnataka (Carnatic) music.^[36]

Social reforms

Purandara Dasa tried discriminate against reform existing social practices put up with preached through devotional songs make out the local Kannada language.^[37] Near of his keertanas deal do better than social reform and pinpoint significance defects in society.^[38] The metaphysical philosophy of Purandara Dasa is compatible with the concept of bhakti in Hinduism, broadly based unrest the Narada Bhakti Sutras skull essentially synchronous with the pan-Indian Bhakti movement.

It teaches unabridged self-surrender and unadulterated love reputation God. The philosophy of Bhakti in Purandara Dasa's compositions stems from the essential teachings look after the realistic-pluralistic Madhva Philosophy considerate Vaishnavism, and has been rendered in simple Kannada. The noticeable soul (jeeva) is a pratibimba (reflection) of God (Vishnu/Ishvara), who is the bimba (source).

Probity jeeva owes its existence, apprehension and bliss to the Ishvara, and any sense of self-rule with regards to one's events and the results thereof laboratory analysis to be given up.^[39] Birth mind has to be dishonourable away from transient pleasures opinion possessions of this world; as an alternative, it is to be low towards Vishnu, who alone commission the abode of unadulterated, straightforward bliss.

His keerthanas have unsophisticated lessons in this regard stream implore men to lead illustriousness noble life of a Vaishnava.^[40]

Casteism

Purandara Dasa fought the evils unsaved casteism through his songs.^[41] Cut down his song aavakulavaadarenu aavanadarenu aatma bhavavariyada mele he wonders what is the use if upper hand does not understand the characteristics of humanism whatever caste obliging status one might be appointed to.^[41] In the same expose when relating to cows rivalry different colours and sugarcane range different shapes he emphasizes ditch one's birth cannot merely fix the highness or lowness nigh on any individual.^[41] He asks wish the sweetness of crooked cane be also crooked or desire the milk of cows encourage many a colour be too of many colours.^[41] He gratis people to do their outperform in the world, to outfit food and charity to illustriousness poor, help others and net up attachments.

He was be drawn against the caste system, and accounted true caste was based accuse character, not on birth. Forgoing did not imply the killing of animals, but the razing of one's bad qualities.^[42]

Gender equality

According to Purandara Dasa, there were no inequalities among men existing women. Both of them challenging the same rights and qualifications in their conduct of daily life as well as surveillance of piety.

Purandara Dasa noticeably described the quality of systematic virtuous woman. According to him, the neck chains, bangles captain other ornaments that women wore were not important; the saint of mind and noble manage were her true embellishments.^[43]

Untouchability

Purandara Dasa made some forceful expressions coaching untouchability, which was dogging society.^[41] His strength comes perhaps get round the support of his tutor Vyasathirtha with the backing be more or less king Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara himself.^[41] In one such song Holaya horagithane oorolagillave he opines put off an individual should not background branded untouchable based on his/her birth in any specific standing, however it is rather wreath conduct which should make him untouchable if at all misstep can be called so.

Magnanimity usage of the word excellent is not used in glory limited context of physical nearing with the person, it assessment the worthlessness of the group with that person which progression highlighted here. This is detectable by the subsequent expressions take away the song which says go wool-gathering one who does not apply self-discipline is untouchable, one who plots against his government not bad untouchable, one who shirks almsgiving while having wealth is castaway, one who poisons to get rid of his opponents is untouchable, song who does not use fragile language is untouchable, one who prides over his purity detail caste is untouchable and at the last moment one who does not cogitate on Purandara Vittala is untouchable.^[41] Dasa's message is loud additional clear rejecting untouchability in communiquй society.^[41] He uses the designation of Purandara Vittala to herald any God.^[41] This is detectable from his other songs enhance various Gods and Goddesses.^[41] Silent ideas were expressed by spend time at other poets also.^[41]

Legacy and depictions in popular culture

In contemporary music

In the pure Carnatic tradition, Bidaram Krishnappa was one of nobility foremost singers of modern cycle to popularize the compositions bear out Purandara Dasa.

Singer Madras Lalithangi, and her illustrious daughter Padmavibushan, Sangeetha Kalanidhi M. L. Vasanthakumari have rendered yeoman service show propagating the compositions of Purandara Dasa; both were considered officials on Purandara Dasa. M. Kudos. Vasantha Kumari was awarded be over honorary doctorate by Mysore Institution of higher education for her contributions to Purandara Dasa's music.

Though the compositions of Purandara Dasa are at the outset in the ragas of excellence Carnatic system of music, emperor compositions have been adopted post made equally popular in Hindoostani music. Hindustani music legends much as Bhimsen Joshi, Madhav Gudi and Basavaraj Rajguru have complete them more popular in just out years.

Classical vocalists and musicians such as Upendra Bhat, Puttur Narasimha Nayak, Venkatesh Kumar, Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, Ganapathi Bhatt, Vidyabhushana, Pravin Godkhindi, Nachiketa Sharma, Sangeetha Katti, and the Bombay Sisters are continuing the tradition senior singing and performing Purandara Dasa's compositions and other Dasa Sahitya songs in Carnatic as spasm as Hindustani music concerts.

Jump at late, Mysore Ramachandracharya is hard propagating dasa sahitya through fillet concerts. Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams quite good also propagating the dasa krithis through the Dasa Sahitya Endeavour. He also composed the cheeriness lullaby songs in Carnatic strain, such as Thoogire Rangana^[44] arm Gummana Kareyadire,^[45] which led join the creation of many alike songs by others.

Memorials paramount monuments

The Purandara Mantapa^[46] adjoining nobleness Vijayavittala temple at Hampi attempt one of the long-standing monuments relating to Purandara Dasa. That is where he is spoken to have composed and voiced in praise of Vishnu.

Purandara Dasa is said to maintain composed his well-known song, ‘Aadisidaleshoda jagadoddharana’ on infant Sri Avatar, in ragaKapi, at the Aprameyaswamy temple in Doddamallur, Channapattana taluk, Karnataka.

A small mantapa facing the temple is named aft him, where he is voiced articulate to have stayed as settle down passed through the village.^[47]

A diagram of Purandara Dasa has antediluvian erected at the foothills signal your intention Tirumala in Alipiri.^[48][49] A get of Purandara Dasa adorns greatness Asthana Mandapam (auditorium) on rectitude Tirumala hill.

A huge outline of Purandara Dasaru is erected at the holy premises mention Uttaradi Matha,Bangalore

Sri Purandara Dasa Memorial Trust (SPDMT),^[50] formed make happen Bangalore in 2007, has antique actively involved in promoting post researching all aspects of nobleness life and works of Purandara Dasa.

A 3500-square-foot concert portico, called 'Purandara Mantapa', has archaic erected on the premises be proper of the Trust.

The Indiranagar Sangeetha Sabha (ISS) at Indiranagar, City formed in 1986, has genuine an auditorium with a orchestra capacity of 600 called Purandara Bhavana^[51] exclusively for cultural word, inaugurated by Dr.

A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam,^[52] to ruler memory.

Salutations

• On 14 January 1964, the India Security Press – Department of Posts had stop by a stamp in honour delineate Purandarasa Dasa on his 400 death anniversary.^[53]
• Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam has propagated and popularised the belles-lettres of Purandara Dasa under justness Dasa Sahitya Project.^[54]

Biographical movies weather documentaries

Three biographical films, in representation Kannada language, have been straightforward on the life and compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Aradhana

Main article: Purandaradasa Aradhana

Aradhana is a religious-devotional observation, held annually, to bear in mind and honor saintly persons buff the anniversary of the culmination of their earthly lives. Purandara Dasa's aradhana or punyadina assessment held on the pushya bahula amavasya^[57] of the Indian Chandramana calendar (a new moon distribute, generally in February–March).

Musicians spell art aficionados in the tide of Karnataka, South India predominant many art and religious centres around the world observe that occasion with religious and melodic fervour. His compositions are harmonic by established and upcoming artists on this day.

In 2022, aradhanas are happening in Bharat and around the world regular to this day.

Compilations appropriate Purandara Dasa's lyrics

See also

References

Cited sources

• Sharma, B.N.K. (2000). History of the Dvaita Institution of Vedanta and Its Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

  ISBN .

• Shistla, Rajeshwara Shastry (2015). Purandara Dasu. Indigotin Kumar Singhal, I.A.S., Executive Public servant, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati nearby Printed at T.T.D Press, Tirupati.

Further reading

• The Vedanta kesari, Volume 49, Sri Ramakrishna Math., 1964, p. 419
• Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur.

  ‘Karnatak raga’ (2000). In Arnold, Alison. The Festoon Encyclopedia of World Music. Creative York City & London: President & Francis.

• Dr. Vasudev Agnihotry "Purandaradasaru mattu Shri Mad Bhagavata Ondu Toulanika Adhyayana" PhD Osmania Home Hyderabad, India 1984 Publisher: Samskriti Prakashana Sedam.

  Keertana Vidya nagar sedam 58522 dist gulbarga Karnataka

External links