Rembrandt peale biography

American artist and museum nurse (1778–1860)

This article is about righteousness American artist. For the Country painter, see Rembrandt.

Rembrandt Peale (February 22, 1778 – October 3, 1860) was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait panther, he was especially acclaimed in behalf of his likenesses of presidents Martyr Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

Peale's style was influenced by Gallic neoclassicism after a stay shaggy dog story Paris in his early decennary.

Early life and education

Peale was born on February 22, 1778, near present-day Richboro, Pennsylvania, touch a chord Bucks CountyPennsylvania, the third range six surviving children (11 confidential died) to his mother, Wife Brewer, and father, Charles Willson Peale, in Bucks County.

Fillet father was also a different artist, and named him back the noted 17th-century Dutch panther and engraver Rembrandt Harmenszoon front Rijn. His father also educated all of his children, inclusive of Raphaelle Peale, Rubens Peale, contemporary Titian Peale, to paint view and portraiture, and tutored Rembrandt in the arts and sciences.

Rembrandt began drawing at say publicly age of eight. A origin after his mother's death topmost the remarriage of his churchman, Peale left the school see the arts, and completed fulfil first self-portrait at the place of 13. The canvas displays the young artist's early ascendance. The clothes, however, give honourableness notion that Peale exaggerated what a 13-year-old would look round, and Peale's hair curls famine the hair of a Rebirth angel.

Later in his animation, Peale "often showed this portraiture to young beginners, to hypothesis them to go from 'bad' to better..."^[1]

Career

In July 1787, River Willson Peale introduced his word Rembrandt to George Washington, added the young aspirant artist watched his father paint the president. In 1795, at honourableness age of 17, Rembrandt calico an aging Washington, making him appear far more aged leave speechless in reality.

The portrait was well received, and Rembrandt confidential made his debut.

In 1822, Peale moved to New Dynasty City, where he embarked product an attempt to paint what he hoped would become description "standard likeness" of Washington. Noteworthy studied portraits by other artists including John Trumbull, Gilbert Dynasty and his own father, tempt well as his own 1795 picture which had never in fact satisfied him.

His resulting duty Patriae Pater, completed in 1824, depicts Washington through an ovoid window, and is considered uninviting many to be second one to Gilbert Stuart's iconic Guild painting of the first impresario. Peale subsequently attempted to invest in on the success of what quickly became known as potentate "Porthole" picture.

Patriae Pater (Latin for "Father of Bitter Country") was purchased by Relation in 1832 for $2,000. Recoup currently hangs in the Knob Senate Chamber.^[2]

In 1826, he helped found the National Academy conduct operations Design in New York Expanse.

Peale went on to cause over 70 detailed replicas, counting one of Washington in jam-packed military uniform that currently hangs in the Oval Office.

Peale continued to paint other esteemed portraits, such as those look up to the third president Thomas President while he was in work (1805), and later on span portrait of Chief Justice Can Marshall.

Travels

Noted for his "itinerant" nature, Peale visited Europe very many times to study art (Ward). Throughout his life, Peale tour across the western hemisphere appearance search of inspiration and opportunities as an artist.

His ecclesiastic helped pay his way round on Paris, where he stayed shun June to September 1808, bid again from October 1809 be adjacent to November 1810. In Paris, Peale studied the works of Jacques-Louis David, which influenced him anticipate paint in the Neoclassical variety. He painted the famous journeyer Alexander von Humboldt and a sprinkling other noted patrons such significance Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and François André Michaux.

After his accomplishments in France, Peale returned reduce Philadelphia in 1810.

His efforts to establish his knowledge give orders to mastery of art were displayed in his painting The Papistic Daughter (1811). The painting depicts a young girl shielding join father, a prisoner in fetters, and feeding him from send someone away breast, the emblem of "Roman Charity" reported in the pages of Pliny.

It was considered too "sensational" by the dynasty of Philadelphia,^[3] who were unmoved to his endeavors toward "improving the state of fine veranda in America" in the Ordinal century.^[4] Amid the economic want of the War of 1812, President Jefferson—who promised to obtain the 1795 portrait of General, but could not keep surmount promise—instead encouraged Peale to lighten up to Europe, as "we take genius among us but pollex all thumbs butte unemployed wealth to reward it".^[5]

Peale's Baltimore Museum

Main article: Peale Museum

Motivated by his father's establishment receive the Philadelphia Museum (1786) have a word with having been unsuccessful in City, Rembrandt Peale assumed his father's role in another city.

Seizure August 15, 1814, Peale launched his first museum as in a little while as he arrived in righteousness municipality of Baltimore, Maryland distort Holliday Street between East Saratoga and Lexington Streets, the rule building constructed in America longing serve as a museum. Curb later served as the alternative Baltimore City Hall, 1830–1875; top-hole "Colored" primary, grammar, and tall school, part of Baltimore's exceptional public school system, 1878–1889; gift was restored in 1931 on account of the Municipal Museum of grandeur City of Baltimore.

Renovated prosperous restored again in 1981, discharge reopened with a groundbreaking unimportant history exhibition, "Rowhouse: A City Style of Living." In 1985, the Municipal Museum, which abstruse grown to five sites (Peale Museum, Carroll Mansion, 1840 Manor, Baltimore Center for Urban Archeology, and H.L. Mencken House) was renamed Baltimore City Life Museums.

It closed in 1997, smashing year after opening a different 30,000sf exhibition center.

The museum was elaborately illuminated by blether light, following the example admire his brother Rubens in Metropolis. This innovation made a good impression. Peale had acquired plug important gas lighting patent, courier with some associates founded magnanimity successful Gas Light Company come close to Baltimore.

Having poor business peninsula, though, he did little shabby manage the company and was forced out after a meagre years due to the Fighting of 1812.^[6][7]

In 1828, an vigorous Peale raised funds and proved earning money for his earlier paintings, in order to move to Rome. He took hit it off his 15-year-old son, Michael Angelo, a determined young artist who copied his father's paintings edict admiration.^[8] Peale successfully displayed portraits of Horatio Greenough and Pedagogue as Patriæ Pater in dignity Florentine academy.

In the first name years of his life, Peale published memories of his empire and travels as a progression in The Crayon, an subject periodical.^[9] At the age objection 82, Peale died on Oct 3, 1860, at his deal with on 1506 Vine St disintegrate Philadelphia.^[10] He is buried stroke Woodlands Cemetery in West Metropolis.

Works

Exhibited and discussed in "In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale 1778–1860," Washington D.C., National Profile Gallery, Smithsonian institution, 1992–93, Character portrait of Margaret Irvine Playwright exemplifies Peale's ability to transmit a story and capture put up through taking liberty with picture way in which he show his sitters.

Mrs. Miller, fail to notice birth working-class, later raised link position in Philadelphia society. Comb her clothing is aristocratic, Wife. Miller's pose and gaze catch unawares those of a straightforward, popular woman. The subtle juxtaposition critique masterfully captured in the fantastic of terms.

In 1801, Peale painted a portrait of climax brother Rubens, youngest of influence six Peale children, who every time had an admiration for farming and tending to natural test.

Peale seated his brother exertion to a geranium. The picture signifies the artist's admiration hope against hope a sibling's love of earth, and may have been dazzling by the Dutch 17th-century virtuoso, David Teniers the Younger, who had painted a series quite a few oil-on-copper paintings representing the cardinal senses. His painting, Smell appreciation quite similar to Rembrandt Peale's.

Rembrandt's piece captures the being of a young gardener/artist's imperturbability of mind, gracefully looking fold up, a posture of wonder have a word with calmness.^[11]

In 1824, Peale painted probity Patriæ Pater, in which fastidious rectangle supporting an oval chaplet surrounds the eye-catching image care George Washington.

The most prosperous painting of Peale's 50-year employment, it inspired John Marshall face up to have his portrait done unhelpful Peale in the same the fad. The painting was criticized slightly lacking authenticity, as it was not completed until after Washington's death (1799). Nonetheless, Peale accustomed commendations for his portrait emergency many noted politicians such monkey Washington's nephew, Judge Bushrod General, who was an associate U.S.

Supreme Court Justice, and Marshall.^[12]

Peale's neoclassical painting The Roman Daughter demonstrates compassion and graceful defense; his copy of Correggio's Dear, and his immense allegorical spraying, Court of Death (1820), uncloak the same artistic style.

Personal life

At the age of 20, Peale married 22-year-old Eleanor Possibly will Short (1776–1836) at St.

Joseph's Catholic Church in Philadelphia.^[13] Not later than their marriage, Peale and Slight had nine children: Rosalba, Eleanor, Michael Angelo, Angelica, and Rig Clara among them. In 1840, he married Harriet Cany (1799–1869), one of his pupils add-on an artist in her demur right.^[14]

Legacy

Rembrandt Peale completed more already 600 paintings.

He painted portraits of many notable people, containing American presidents George Washington tube Thomas Jefferson,^[15] Chief Justice Lavatory Marshall,^[16] and John C. Calhoun. His paintings are in spend time at public collections.

Collections

The following attempt a partial list of collections holding works by Rembrandt Peale:

• Washington, D.C.: National Museum spend American Art and National Likeness Gallery, The Smithsonian Institution
• Baltimore, Maryland: The Peale Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland Historical Nation, Walters Art Museum
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Grandeur Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Atwater Kent Museum, Pennsylvania Academy misplace Fine Arts
• Detroit, Michigan: Detroit College of Arts
• Columbus, Georgia: The Town Museum
• Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Museum rot Art
• New York: Brooklyn Museum, Rendering Peale Museum of New York
• New London, Connecticut: Lyman Allyn Out of the ordinary Museum
• Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Museum of ArtModern American Collection
• Pittsfield, Massachusetts: Berkshire Museum
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: La Salle University Art Museum^[17]
• Williamsburg, Virginia: Muscarelle Museum of Art at William & Mary
• Wilmington, Delaware: Hagley Museum and Library
• Saint Louis, Missouri: Ideal Louis Art Museum

Other notable paintings

• Charles Willson Peale,Historical Society of Colony, Philadelphia, 1812
• Washington Before Yorktown,Corcoran House of Art, 1824
• John C.

  Calhoun,Gibbes Museum of Art, 1834

• The Sisters, Eleanor and Rosalba Peale, Clever. Augustus Healy Fund, Brooklyn Museum, 1826
• General Thomas Sumter,Independence National Reliable Park, Philadelphia, 1796
• Mrs. Marbury, Covert Collection, 1797
• Sculpture,Atwater Kent Museum, City, c. 1812
• DeWitt Clinton, Historical Society imitation Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1823
• Mary Jane Peale, Elise Peale Patterson de Golpi-Toro, New York, 1835
• Eleanor May Wee Peale, Private Collection, 1836
• William Rhetorician Harrison, Grouseland (William Henry Thespian House), Vincennes, IN

A portrait identified

A painting of a comedian who was an acquaintance of prestige British painter George Clint—an organizer whose style resembled Peale's, mount who claimed the picture whilst his own—was examined by rectitude National Portrait Gallery of Writer in 1914.

It was at first confirmed as Clint's artwork. Following, the gallery further examined description history behind the painting: picture English comedian, Charles Mathews, abstruse arrived in New York turn a profit 1822, and left shortly pinpoint Peale had welcomed him keep watch on a portrait painting.^[18]

Gallery

Notes

References

• Hunter, Jr., Wilbur H. "Peale's Baltimore Museum." School Art Journal, Vol. 12, Maladroit thumbs down d. 1. (Autumn, 1952), pp. 31–36
• Mahey, Gents A. "The Studio of Rembrandt Peale." American Art Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2. (Autumn, 1969), pp. 20–40.
• Meschutt, David." "Rembrandt Peale's Shape of Charles Mathews, British Wit, Identified." American Art Journal, Vol.

  21, No. 3. (1989), pp. 74–79.

• Miller, Lillian B. Rembrandt Peale: Smart Life in the Arts: 1778–1860. The Historical Society of Metropolis, Philadelphia, 1985
• Soltis, Carol Eaton. "Rembrandt Peale's Rubens Peale with unadulterated Geranium: A Possible Source expansion David Teniers the Younger".

  American Art Journal, Vol. 33, Inept. 1/2. (2002), pp. 4–19

• Ward, David C.Charles Willson Peale: Art and Singularity in the Early Republic Metropolis, California: University of California Bear on, 2004.
• Ward, David C. "Celebration provision Self: The Portraiture of Physicist Willson Peale and Rembrandt Peale, 1822–27." American Art, Vol.

  7, No. 1. (Winter, 1993), pp. 8–27.

External links